Start Breast feeding

Start Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding bond you and your baby emotionally in a special way that cannot be matched, because breastfeeding meets both the nutritional and development needs. The things you should
consider are as follows.

• Create a peaceful environment to relax yourself.
• Find a comfortable position, such as in a chair, with sufficient room on the sides and back
  for pillows to support your baby and your arms. Sitting up in bed with pillows under your
  legs or using a footstool when in a chair will help you be comfortable.
• Unpack your baby and check his/her diaper; change it if required. If your baby is awake
  and ready to nurse, wait until after the first breast to change your baby's diapers.

When should Start

Research shows that the critical days for breastfeeding success are the first six to seven days after
delivery, and later near the baby's sixth week. Weakness may play a large role in any fears about
continuing breastfeeding. If possible, get help with the household tasks and newborn care. Do not
hesitate to accept help when offered.

After Cesarean Birth Breastfeeding

A cesarean birth does not directly affect the breastfeeding process. However, discomfort, and the
medications used in surgery may cause challenges when you begin breastfeeding. Nurse your baby
as soon after delivery as possible, and on demand every 8-12 times per 24 hours. Once you
begin regular feedings, your milk supply will increase.

First Few Weeks of Breastfeeding

If possible, put your baby to your breast within the first hour after birth. Nurses can teach you
ways to help the baby latch on using the best positioning to ensure success. Continue to feed your
baby on demand every 1 to 3 hours per 24 hours (8-12 times per 24 hours). Frequent feedings
minimize feeding problems.
It is normal for the babies to be drowsy the first 24-48 hours after birth. Attempt to breastfeed
every 1 to 3 hours per 24 hours.

Breast feeding Problems

Successful breastfeeding is a combination of patience, support and good technique. As you become
more proficient in the skill of breastfeeding, it will become easier and more enjoyable for you.
However, beside the way you and your baby may experience some problems. According to our
research the most common problems and their solutions that mothers suffer from are given below.

Inverted or Flat Nipples:

Initial feedings may be more difficult with flat or inverted nipples, but successful breastfeeding is
achieved by most women.

Treatment

• Some women find that wearing special nipple cups called breast shells between feedings
  help draw their nipple out.
• After you have delivered, hand expression or pumping may help make the nipple more erect.
• It is not recommended to roll, twist or pull on your nipple. These actions can cause nipple trauma.

Enlargement:

Breast fullness is a normal condition that occurs two to three days after birth and is caused by
increased blood supply, fluids and milk in the breast tissue. Fullness is different from enlargement,
and usually decreases within the first two to three weeks if the baby is nursing regularly. If, at any time,
enough milk is not being removed, i.e., a skipped feeding, or limited feeding time at the breast,
the breasts may become tender and blown up.

Treatment

• If breasts continue to be full and uncomfortable, apply cold compresses to both breasts
  as needed between feedings. The cold will feel good and decrease the swelling.
• Try a warm shower, hot washcloths on your breasts, or lean over a sink or basin to let your
  breasts rest in the warm water prior to nursing.
• Massage your breasts to promote milk flow.
• An enlarged breast may flatten your nipple, making it more difficult for your baby to latch-on.
  Use hand expression of milk to soften the areola just before latch-on.
• Feed your baby on demand, approximately every one to three hours for at least 15 minutes
  of suckling on each breast. Do not skip feedings.
• Wear a supportive bra and get in a comfortable and supported position for feedings.
  Avoid underwire bras.

Sore Nipples:

Research supports the idea that the primary cause of nipple soreness is nipple pain due to improper
positioning of the baby on the breast. However, even with proper positioning, some women may
experience temporary latch-on pain.

Treatment

• Make sure your baby's lips are not turned under and that your baby is not chewing on your
  nipple or sucking with his/her tongue up.

• Pull down firmly on your baby's chin to disturb his/her jaw and widen the mouth
  allowing his/her lower lip to roll outward. (Use your index finger cupped under your breast)
• If you feel your baby nipple-chewing, break the suction, remove your baby from
  your breast, and try attaching him/her again.
• If your baby is sucking her tongue, you may hear a smacking sound and see her
  cheeks caving in. In this case take your baby off your breast and reposition him/her.
• Make sure your baby's mouth is open wide for a good latch-on.
• Use hand expression to bring a little breast milk onto the nipple.
• Express some breast milk onto your nipples after a feeding and then allow your nipples to
  air dry completely.

• Avoid using drying breast creams, such as Masse or other creams that contain alcohol.
  Remember, the Montgomery Glands secrete natural oil for lubrication and protection.
• Try more frequent and shorter nursing periods, rather than longer times between feedings.
• If you think you need a nipple shield, talk with your lactation consultant or health care provider.
• If using nursing pads, change them frequently. Consider using 100% cotton washable bra pads.
  Avoid pads with plastic or moisture-resistant liners.
• Wear clean, supportive 100% cotton nursing bras. Avoid underwire and tight bras.
• Discontinue use of any breast pump, which causes discomfort, and consult a lactation consultant.

Thrush & Symptoms:

The body also depends on our normal bacteria to prevent an overgrowth of yeast organism. This
overgrowth of yeast causes a fungal infection called thrush, which grows in warm, moist conditions,
and can affect any part of the body, including the breasts and nipples in breastfeeding mothers.

Pain

• occurs several weeks or months after successful breastfeeding
• Is a burning or shooting/stabbing pain in the nipple, breast tissue or both
• Is experienced during and after feedings. Sometimes the pain in between feedings is stronger
• Its experienced with pumping the breasts
• Nipple itching, flaking, redness, shininess or sometimes white patches are present
• The baby has white patches on his/her tongue or inside the mouth.
• The baby has a yeast diaper rash and may gassy and fussy.

Treatment

if you guess thrush is present, contact you health care provider for checkup and treatment. It is
wise to treat both the mother and the baby at the same time, even if there are no symptoms. If treatment
is indicated, it should continue for two weeks even if symptoms are gone.

Nipple Preference:

If possible, breastfeed your baby exclusively for the first four weeks without using bottles. Some
babies reject the breast if given bottles while they are learning to breastfeed. The suckling mechanisms
of breastfeeding and bottle-feeding are very different in the use of the muscles and the tongue.
When bottle-feeding, the milk flows faster and your baby gets milk immediately with little effort,
whereas more active suckling is necessary for breastfeeding.

Treatment

• If a bottle must be given as addition, offer it after breastfeeding. If a extra is needed,
  check with your local physician for advices on another option to bottles and nipples, such
  as finger, syringe or cup feeding.

Decreased Milk Supply:

Breastfeeding is a supply and demand system. Whatever your baby needs, your body will produce.
Your milk is made fresh each feeding in response to the suckling stimulus. The more your baby
nurses, the more milk you will produce. If your infant is going through a growth shoot and acts hungry,
feed more frequently for a few days. Your supply will increase and your baby will resume his/her
old feeding schedule.

If you feel that your baby is not getting enough milk then observes the following things.

• Check position of your baby at the breast.
• Observe swallowing behavior of your baby. If your baby is swallowing along with sucking,
  then your baby is getting milk.
• Keep record of your baby's weight gain. If he/she is getting one ounce in a day during the first
  months, then he/she is getting enough diet.

Treatment

• Breastfeed your baby every 8-12 times in 24 hours.
• Try to take rest and relax your body may be by sleeping. Rest when your baby sleeps.
  Remember that babies are night creatures for the first three weeks. This is normal so you will
  have opportunities for nursing sessions at night, and try to sleep during the day when your
  baby sleeps.
• Drink fluids when thirsty.
• Eat a well-balanced diet.
• If any way you continue to have problems for your milk supply then you should consult your physician.
• Try to avoid changing your physician. Because the one physician knows and understands
  better about your case history and course of your treatment through medicines.

Plugged Ducts:

Occasionally milk ducts become stopped as a result of incomplete emptying or continued pressure on
one or more duct. If this occurs, you may feel a hard, lumpy, painful area on your breast.

Treatment

• Apply warm, moist towels to your breasts before feeding.
• Massage your breasts down in the direction of the nipple paying more attention to the painful area.
• Breastfeed in different positions. Place your baby's chin in the direction of the plugged duct.
• Use a little lotion on your thumb and apply firm rolling pressure from behind to the outer
  lump toward the nipple while your baby breastfeeds.
• Get plenty of rest and fluids.
• Avoid restrictive clothing.
• Avoid sleeping on your tummy or the side that the plugged duct is on.
• If the plug does not resolve in several days, contact your physician for assistance. However,
  if you develop fever and flu-like symptoms, you may have progressed to mastitis. Contact your
  health care provider immediately.

Mastitis:

Mastitis is a breast infection. Fatigue is a leading cause of mastitis. Occasionally, a plugged duct
will become infected or bacteria will enter the breast through another route, such as an open sore
on the areola or nipple. Usually hot red, painful, and hard area will be present on the breast.
Typically, the mother will have a fever greater than 100.4 F degrees and feel "flu-like."

Treatment

Do not wait for the mastitis to go away by itself. Contact your health care provider immediately
for treatment with antibiotics. It is very important that you continue frequent nursing during this time.
Your milk is not infected and will not harm your baby.

Acne

Acne is a skin condition that causes spots. Most people affected by acne are aged between 12 and 25. Acne is very common and affects about 80 in 100 people aged 11-30 at some time.

What are conditions of acne?

Acne is a skin condition that typically causes one or more of the following:

• whiteheads
• red or yellow spots
• blackheads
• greasy skin
• scars

Acne typically affects the skin of the face, back, neck, chest and arms and the severity of the
condition can vary. Acne affects people of all skin colors. The processes that cause acne are exactly the same in people with black or brown skin but the impact is altered by the skin pigmentation.

What causes acne?

Acne is caused by the over activity of some glands that produce oily substances onto the skin. For some people, their acne does not progress beyond the initial stage. However in other people, the build-up of oil in the hair follicles makes an ideal environment for a bacterium known as Propionibacterium acnes to grow.

These bacteria normally live harmlessly on your skin but when this ideal environment is created, they grow. They feed off the sebum and produce substances that cause a response from your body's immune system. This burns the skin and creates the redness associated with spots.
In more strict seditious acne', cysts develop beneath the skin's surface. These acne cysts can split, spreading the infection into nearby skin tissue. It can result in scarring.

Deal with Hypertension

Hypertentsion

Blood pressure is the force that your blood applies on your arteries while moving through your
body. If you have high blood pressure that means your blood is putting too much force on your
arteries. Heart is a powerful and efficient muscle, but if it is forced to work too hard for too
long it can enlarge, fail, causing a heart attack, stroke, and an early death.
Normal Blood pressure of average adult:

Blood Pressure Scale

According to the American Heart Association, about 65 Million Americans over the age of 20 have high blood pressure. That's about one in three adults.

Blood Pressure Stage	Systolic	Diastolic
Normal	<120	<80
Pre-Hypertension	120-139	80-99
Stage One Hypertension	140-159	90-99
Stage Two Hypertension	160+	100+

Blood Pressure Reading
For taking BP reading at home take a monitoring device and follow some instructions. Don't drink coffee or smoke cigarettes 30 minutes before having your blood pressure measured. Before the test, sit for 5 minutes with you’re back supported and your feet flat on the ground

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FOTO

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Kekurangan Vitamin K

Vitamin K adalah nama generik untuk beberapa bahan yang diperlukan dalam pembekuan darah yang normal.
Bentuk dasarnya adalah vitamin K1 (filokuinon), yang terdapat dalam tumbuh-tumbuhan, terutama sayuran berdaun hijau.
Bakteri dalam usus kecil sebelah bawah dan bakteri dalam usus besar menghasilkan vitamin K2 (menakuinon), yang dapat diserap dalam jumlah yang terbatas.

Penyakit perdarahan pada bayi baru lahir ditandai dengan kecenderungan mengalami perdarahan, merupakan bentuk dasar dari kekurangan vitamin K.
Hal ini terjadi karena:
- Plasenta tidak mengantarkan lemak dan vitamin K dengan baik
- Fungsi hati dari bayi baru lahir masih belum matang untuk menghasilkan faktor-faktor pembekuan darah yang cukup (faktor pembekuan adalah protein dalam darah yang memudahkan pembekuan dan memerlukan vitamin K)
- Usus tidak memiliki bakteri yang menghasilkan vitamin K selama hari-hari pertama bayi
- ASI hanya sedikit mengandung vitamin K.
Suatu suntikan vitamin K seharusnya diberikan pada bayi baru lahir untuk melindungi bayi dari penyakit ini.
Bayi yang mendapatkan ASI, yang belum mendapatkan suntikan vitamin K pada saat lahir, sangat rentan terhadap kekurangan vitamin K.

Karena vitamin K larut dalam lemak, penyakit-penyakit yang berhubungan dengan penyerapan lemak, bisa menyebabkan kekurangan vitamin K pada anak-anak dan dewasa:
- Penyakit seliak
- Fibrostik kistik.

Mengkonsumsi minyak mineral dalam jumlah yang berlebihan juga bisa mencegah penyerapan vitamin K.

Kekurangan vitamin K juga terjadi pada orang-orang yang mengkonsumsi obat antikoagulan untuk mencegah terbentuknya bekuan darah.

Gejala utamanya adalah perdarahan (ke dalam kulit, dari hidung, dari sebuah luka atau dalam lambung), yang disertai dengan muntah.

Darah dapat terlihat pada air kemih atau tinja.

Yang paling serius adalah perdarahan ke dalam otak yang bisa terjadi pada bayi baru lahir.

Bila dicurigai adanya kekurangan vitamin K, dilakukan pemeriksaan darah untuk mengukur kadar protrombin, salah satu faktor pembekuan darah yang memerlukan vitamin K. Kadar yang rendah (kurang dari 50% dari normal) menunjukkan adanya kekurangan vitamin K. Tetapi kadar protrombin yang rendah juga dapat disebabkan oleh obat antikoagulan atau kerusakan hati.

Biasanya diagnosa akan semakin kuat jika setelah penyuntikkan vitamin K, terdapat peningkatan kadar protrombin dalam beberapa jam dan perdarahan berhenti dalam 3-6 jam.
Jika penderita memiliki penyakit hati yang berat, hati tidak mampu mensintesa faktor pembekuan walaupun telah disuntikkan vitamin K. Pada kasus seperti ini diperlukan tranfusi plasma untuk melengkapi faktor-faktor pembekuan.